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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. 
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY. 
F. V. HAYDEN, U. S. Geologist-in-Charge. 


COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY 

OF 


UTAH DIALECTS. 

1ST 


EDWIN A. BARBER. 


EXTRACTED FROM THE BULLETIN OF THE SURVEY, Vol. Ill, No. 3. 


Washington, May 15, 1877. 






























1 














» 
































,*> 






P M Z 5 15 " 


ART. XVI—COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY OF UTAH DIALECTS. 


By Edwin A. Barber. 


To the group of Indian tribes known as the Shoshoni family belong 
the Utahs, or Utes, of Colorado and Utah. That the Utah is a very 
ancient tribe, there can be no doubt. Among their traditions is one 
which claims that they were the original people which drove the u ancient 
Pueblo” races from their fastnesses ceuturies ago. Don Jos6 Cortez wrote 
of this tribe, in the year 1799: “ The Yutah Nation is very numerous, and 
is also made up of many bands, which are to be distinguished only by 
their names, and live in perfect agreement and harmony. Four of these 
bands, called Noaches,* Payuches, Tabiachis, and Sogup, are accustomed 
to occupy lands within the province of New Mexico,! or very near it.” 

The Utah language consists of at least three distinct dialects, which 
we shall call the TJinta , the Yampa , and the Weminuche, Our atten¬ 
tion, at present, will be directed to the latter two of these, the Yampa 
and the Weminuche. The Yampa Utes are located in the northwest¬ 
ern portion of Colorado, and their agency is situated on the White 
River, a tributary of the Yampa, or Bear. rn he Uinta band of the 
Utah Nation occupies the Uinta Valley of Nor f astern Utah, while the 
Weminuche branch of the tribe frequents that portion of the reserva¬ 
tion which lies in the extreme southwestern corner of the State. The 
Utah language is subject to variations, resulting from surrounding 
influences; yec, while certain words employed by each band may vary 
slightly, there is not sufficient difference in construction and general 
form to warrant us in dividing the language into seven distinct dialects. 
The Uinta branch of the tribe is somewhat influenced by the jargons of 
the neighboring tribes. The Weminuche dialect has become adulter¬ 
ated with Mexican and impure Spanish, which all of the southern In¬ 
dians employ to some extent. With the Weminuches, we may class 
the Capotes and Muaches, and probably the Tabequaches. With the 
Yampa band, we may group the Grand River, or Piahband, sometimes 
known as the Middle Park branch. The Yam pas, Grand Rivers, and 
Uintas retain more of the original purity in their speech than the south¬ 
ern divisions, and this is accounted for by their greater isolation from 
the influence of foreign dialects. 

* The Ute tribe of Indians, at present occupying the reservation, is divided into 
seven bands, as follows :—Uinta, Yampa, Grand River, Tabequache, Muache, Capote, 
and Weminuche. The Noaches of Cortez were probably the same as the Muaches 
the Payuches were thePai-Utes,a closely allied tribe, and the Tabiachis were,identical 
with the Tabequaches. The tribe now numbers between five and six thousand souls. 

tThen including the Territory of Arizona. 







534 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 


The Utah, language resembles closely that of the Shoshones, Snakes, 
and Pai-Utes. The Gosi Utes in Nevada and Utah speak a lan¬ 
guage closely allied to that of the Shoshones, and intermarry with the 
Utes. In this paper, however, I shall refer only to those branches 
which constitute the Ute tribe proper, occurring as they do within the 
limits of the reserve. This occupies the tract of land, along the west¬ 
ern border of Colorado, included within the following boundaries: — 
“ Commencing at that point on the southern boundary-line of the Ter¬ 
ritory of Colorado, where the meridian of longitude 107° west from 
Greenwich crosses the same; running thence north with said meridian 
to a point 15 miles due north of where said meridian intersects the 
fortieth parallel of north latitude; thence due west to the western 
boundary-line of said Territory ; thence south with said western bound¬ 
ary-line of said Territory; thence east with said southern boundary- 
line to the place of beginning.” The population of the reservation 
Utes is below three thousand. 

In preparing the following list of Indian words for publication, the 
author has followed as nearly as possible the instructions of the Smith¬ 
sonian Institution, as set down in its u Miscellaneous Collections”, No. 
160. Different values, however, have been substituted in some of the 
consonants, according to suggestions of Mr. A. S. Gatschet, as used by 
him in his vocabularies. The alphabetic notation employed in this lim¬ 
ited paper, however, applies only to the dialects in question, and must 
necessarily be extended for other languages and jargons, which are not 
closely allied. The use ofj, q , x , w , z, etc., varies in different languages, 
and while their values have been retained, such equivalents have been 
substituted in their places as to render the sounds to a certain extent cos¬ 
mopolitan. 

Syllables are not separated, and hyphens are only used in cases of 
hiatus, or between compounds. 

VOWELS. 

A or a long, as in father, 
d, as in all. 
a , as in fat. 

lor e long, as in they, 
e short, as in met. 

1 or % long, as in marine. 

% short, as in pin. 

0 or o long, as in go. 

U or u long, as in rule, 
u short, as in full, 
ii , as in hut. 

u , as in union, pure , to be written yu. 

Ai or ai, as in aisle. 

Au or au , as ow in now , ou in loud. 


COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY OF UTAH DIALECTS. 535 


When vowels have the long sound, the mark of length is omitted. 
The values of vowels are only indicated when other than a , e, l , o, and 
u. The vowels d and il must not be mistaken for the German umlaut. 

CONSONANTS. 

For the most part, consonants retain their regular sound, as in the 
English ; those to be altered or entirely omitted are as follows : 

c not to be used, excepting in the compounds ch , tch; write k for the 
hard sound, s for the soft. 

g hard, as in gig , never soft, as in ginger ; for this sound use always 
dsli. 

j not to be used ; substitute dsh. 

q not to be used ; for qu write ku. 

tv not to be used; substitute u. 

x not to be used ; write ks or gs. 

z not to be used ; write s, ds , or ts. 

ch hard, as in church; for the hard sound, write tch , for the soft, dsh. 

kh , as in the German ach, ich. 

By observing these rules in orthography, the majority of words in the 
Utah language may be properly sounded; and when any exceptional 
cases arise, the student may adopt some arbitrary mark of his own, 
describing fully its value or meaning, as suggested by the Smithsonian 
Institution. 

The majority of the Yampa (Bear Biver) or White Biver words were 
collected by Dr. J. Dana Littlefield, at the White Biver agency, Colo¬ 
rado, in the years 1873 and 1874. Those Yampa words marked with an 
asterisk (*) were obtained by the author during the summer of 1874, and 
at the same place. The Weminuche words marked in the same way, I col¬ 
lected in Southwestern Colorado in 1875. The rest of the Weminuche 
words were furnished me by Capt. John Moss, of La Plata County, 
Colorado. This gentleman has resided among the tribe for many years, 
and speaks the language fluently. For the Uinta words, I am indebted 
to Mr. Bichard D. Komas, a young man of the Uinta branch of the Utah 
tribe, who came east and studied for several years at Lincoln University, 
Chester County, Pennsylvania. He died in Philadelphia during the 
summer of 187G. 

In the Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey of the Terri - 
tories, vol. ii, No. 1, 1876, I published a short list of Yampa words, 
which were written according to the ordinary English alphabetic nota¬ 
tion. In order to show the process of transition from this to the scien¬ 
tific notation, without changing the pronunciation, I will give the list 


in both forms: 

English notation. Scientific. 

Arm, po6r-ets, purets. 

Blood, pwap, pu£p. 

Friend, tigaboo, tlgabu. 

Knife, weetck, uitch. 


536 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



English notation. 

Scientific. 

Tobacco, 

quap, 

ku^p. 

Sun, 

tdhby, 

t^tbi. 

Water, 

pah, 

pa. 

Dog, 

sarrich, 

saritch. 

Wolf, 

youdge, 

yuddsh. 

Beaver, 

pd winch, 

pdu-intch. 

That, this, 

inch, 

Intch. 

Black, 

tdquer, 

tdkuer. 

Small, 

maypootz, 

mdputs. 

You, 

em, 

em. 

All, 

mahndnee, 

manoni. 

To-morrow, 

waytchook, 

udtchuk. 

Yes, 

6oab, 

ua. 

No, 

katsh, 

katch. 

One, 

suis, 

suis. 

Two, 

wyune, 

uai-un. 

Three, 

piune, 

pal-un. 

Four, 

w^tshuenee, 

u&tshuini. 

Five, 

mdnigin, 

manigin. 

Six, 

navlne, 

navain. 

Nine, 

surrdmsuenee, 

sur^msuini. 

Ten, 

tdmshuenee, 

t^mshuini. 

To look, 

pdonekee, 

puniki. 

To go, 

plequay, 

pai-ikue. 

To come, 

pidka, or pejde, 

paika, pidshi. 

Antelope, 

w^nzit^, 

udnsits. 

Another, 

kermdsh, 

kiirmush. 

Wild-cat, 

mdosets, 

musets. 

Mule, 

mdorets, 

murets. 

Otter, 

pantchook, 

pantchuk. 

Willow couch, 

sah-up, 

8^-iip. 

To trade, 

narrowap, 

n£ro-uap. 

All gone, gone away, 

toplcquay, katsh-kiCrra, 

topikue, katsh-kdra. 

Brother, 

babbltz, 

babits. 

Indian cradle, 

cftn, 

kun. 

Flour, 

tushukent, 

tushukiint. 

Paper, letter, 

pdkent, 

pokiint. 

How many ? 

ahnapine ? 

dnapain ? 

In the future, 

penunk, 

piniink. 

In the past, 

wdetish, 

uitish. 

Salutation! 

mike tigaboo, 

maik tigabu. 

COMPARATIVE 

VOCABULARY OF YAMPA 

AND WEMINUCHE WORDS 

English. 

Yampa. 

■Weminuche. 

I, or me, 

ninua, 

ninni, or uia. 

Boy, 

aipets, 

aipats. 

Girl, 

n^nsits, 

ndngits. 

Man, 

to-u^ts, 

tu-uiits. 

Old man, 

n^-puts, 

napiits. 

Doctor, 

putiiskui-iint, 

pda-iint. 

Bear, 

kuiant, 

kuiogant. 

Horse, 

kavd,t 

kav^ts.t 

Mule, 

murdts,t 

murats.t 


t From the Sp. caballo. 


t From the Sp. mulo. 




COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY OF UTAH DIALECTS. 537 


English. 

Yampa. 

Wominuche. 

Fire, 

kun, 

kun. 

Moon, 

maitd-uats, 

mia-at6ts. 

Night, 

to-udn, 

tdguan. 

Rain, 

pa-dnguos, 

d-iir. 

Star, 

pdchlp, 

pdtslk. 

Sun, 

tdbi,* 

tabaputs. 

Water, 


pa.* 

Mountain, 

klb, 

kalbi. 

Valley, 

yu-uap, 

yuno-uip. 

Pine, 

yulmp, 

yu-ulmp. 

Road, 

po, 

pad. 

Kettle, 

pampuui, 

piimpuni. 

Shirt, 

ta, 

ta. 

Powder, 

kdtsa-uar, 

kdtcha-ua. 

House, 

• kiin, 

kanni. 

Hat, 

k&tsots, 

kaltchots. 

Cap (gun), 

uindu-ichap, 

lingo-u-unup. 

Breeches, 

kasuna, 

gusi. 

Wagon, 

iulmpunk, 

Ivgnabdngo. 

Blanket, 

tdpanasiif, 

mdgo. 

Tobacco, 

kndp,* 

kudp.* 

Grass, 

o-ulf, 

munump. 

Knife, 

ultch,* 

ultch. 

Letter, paper, 

pokSnt,* 

p6kuent. 

Flour, 

tushukent,* 

tushdpiint. 

Pipe, 

tchunts, 

tchung. 

Mirror, 

ndvorniimp, 

nabuniniimp. 

Saddle, 

kdriniimp, 

kdrianiimp. 

Talk, 

iimpa, 

iimpdger. 

Small, 

m€puts,* 

mlapodsh. 

Large, 

abdt, 

hitkunt. 

Hot, warm, 

kutavrutchi, 

kututs, or kutdruts. 

Red, 

ankdr, 

iingdger. 

White, 

so-udr, 

toshdggr. 

Black, 

tokuer,* 

tokuariim. 

How many, 

dnapain,* 

hana-uini. 

Yes, 

da,* 

di. 

No, or not, 

katch,* 

kdutch. 

All gone, 

toplkue,* or katch-kdri,* 

kdutch-kdri. 

In the future, 

piniink,* 

piniink.* 

To sit, 

kdri, 

kdri. 

To come, 

pldshi,* palka,* 

pltchi. 

To look, 

pdniki,* 

buniki.* 

To eat, 

tiki, 

tiki. 

To give, 

mdrgi, 

miikki. 

To catch, grasp, 

tsai-al, 

kal-i. 

To trade, 

ndro-uap,* 

nddo-uap.* 

To want, 

dshenti,* 

Ishanto. 


Tdbi, in the Yampa dialect, signifies sun; in the Weminuche, day . 

At White River agency, in Northwestern Colorado, I could not dis< 
cover that any word exists in the Yampa dialect for horse , nor have I 
since been able to find any such word in the Shoshoni vocabularies 
which have already been published. Many of the southwestern tribes 


538 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 


employ the Spanish words for horse and mule. Thus, the Pirnas use 
Mvai-o ; the Utes, havai, or hard. The Coco-Maricopa for mule , how¬ 
ever, is melakolish ; for horse, akudktus. The Cuchan for horse is huts, 
and for dog the diminutive hu-ui. 


English. 

What are you hunting ? 

Where is your house f Literally, 
where, house, you. 

On the other side of the mountain 
my house is. Literally, mount¬ 
ain, other side , my, house, sits. 

Where is the water? Literally, 
where, water, sits. 

Did you see my horse ? Literally, 
you, my, horse, see. 

I did not see him. Literally, not 
see, me or I. 

Which way are you going ? Liter¬ 
ally, where , go. 

Which way are you coming ? Lit¬ 
erally, where, come. 

English. 


I do not want it. 
Hand it to me! 


Hold up your hand! 

Light the fire! 

Shut the door! 

Put it up! 

YAMPA 

English. 

Yampa. 

Antelope, 

u^nsits.* 

Buffalo (bison), 

kuitsun. 

Beaver, 

p&u-mtch.* 

Badger, 

onti inputs. 

Black-tailed rabbit, 

kammatuksits. 

Black cricket, 

malsuts. 

Chicken, 

karriimputs. 

Crow, raven, 

t&ukuents. 

Crane, 

stiku&r. 

Colt, 

ko-uaro-uats. 

Cat, 

musSts.* 

Coyote, 

iiiko-uits. 

Rabbit (cotton-tail), 

tabuk. 

Log, 

earitch.* 

Duck, 

tchig. 

Elk, 

pariir. 


Weminuche Utah. 

Himpa bushshag&r? 

Hogaba kanni 8m ? 

Kaibi manongopi nia kanni kari. 

Hogaba pa kari ? 

Emm ninni kavats buniki ? 
Kautch buniki ninni. 

Hogaba paikue ? 

Hogaba paik ? 

Yampa. 

Ninna katch ashenti. 

Nuriuak! 

To-utuk! 

Kunanaiti! 

Tuk! 

Uatu-uai-ak! 


English. 

Yampa. 

Eagle, 

kuan^tchits. 

Fish, 

pankuitch. 

Fox, 

ta-uinslts. 

Ground-squirrel, 

slputs. 

Grasshopper, 

draughts. 

Gray wolf, 

seniif. 

Hen, 

kariimputch. 

Hog, 

kotchuner. 

Lice, 

tch^rni. 

Mountain-sheep, 

nagats. 

Musk-rat, 

pa-vant. 

Otter, 

pantchdk.* 

Skunk, 

poni. 

Plover, 

kuits. 

Sage-fowl, 

sikarmputs. 

Sheep, 

kiinnarutch. 



COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY OF UTAH DIALECTS 


539 


English. 

Yam pa. 

Trout, 

atdmpiirgar. 

Frog, toad, 

ktianiif. 

White-tailed deer, 

sukdish. 

Wolf, 

yuddsh.* 

Wild goose, 

ohinunk. 

Goose, 

ku^natchlts. 

Goat, 

sdr^tun. 

Panther (mountain- 


lion), 

tok. 

Sucker (fish), 

tchans. 

Pony, 

punk. 

Mouse or rat, 

pdintchits. 

Snake, 

toab. 

Arm, 

ptirdts.* 

Blood, 

pudp.* 

Cut-throat, 

koret-skabincr. 

Child, 

to-udtsdn. 

Devil, 

shinnab. 

Friend, 

tlgabu.* 

Heart, 

pi-in 

Hair, 

tatslba-u-iib. 

Head, 

tatsuent 

Interpreter, 

tlnndnt, 

Liar, 

tdsurukdnt.* 

Myself, 

tammi. 

Mother, 

birdsan. 

This, that, it, 

intch.* 

Yourself, 

nalna. 

Son, 

to-u&tchin. 

Back, 

ping, pink. 

Belly, 

sapptin. 

Side, 

iargan. 

Cheek, 

tdi-a-uang. 

Hip, 

tchiump. 

Thigh, 

tdviis. 

Tooth, 

to-u-ump. 

Nose, 

mdbitiimp. 

Chin, 

karl&kiimp. 

Neck, 

kuriim. 

Leg, 

piinkabd. 

Lip, 

timp^u. 

Whiskers, 

miintchump. 

Fingers, 

me-yump. 

Father, 

mump. 

Sister, 

pdrtchln. 

Brother, 

pdrultchin, babits. 

Cloud, 

dtlp. 

Earth, 

tiuip. 

Ice, 

tishiip. 

Morning, 

udtchuk. 

Noon, 

tdtabi. 

Spirit, 

mup. 

Snow, 

nu-uap. 

Sunrise, 

t^tbi maruchi. 

Sunset, 

t£bi tikue. 


English. 

Yampa. 

Thunder, 

ondnus. 

Apple, 

miiss^na. 

Another, 

kurmiish.* 

All, 

miindna.* 

Awl, 

ul-tids. 

Boundary-line, 

tigakiint. 

Straight line, 

tomlkuat. 

Hole, 

piikddsli. 

Well, 

orukuat. 

Boat, 

oblshak. 

Bridge, 

pa-shA&kdr. 

Bed, 

shamiip. 

Buffalo-skin, 

kultslinpu.^ 

Bridle, 

timpu-aup. 

Bread, 

pan, tdshutciip, 

Underbrush, 

po-udp. 

Bottle, 

kiniiutchlts. 

Trunk, chest, 

oiSmpatsiip. 

Cottonwood, 

siirvlp. 

Choke-cherry, 

toniip. 

Cedar, 

nap, nariip. 

Coat, 

tota. 

Cheese, 

kiasuar. 

Center, 

tdtdrrivant. 

Cane, 

nansitop. 

River, creek, 

nokuint. 

Dust, 

okump. 

Fight, 

nahukui. 

Fence, 

iulnkuip. 

Ford, 

paruf. 

Feather, 

pif. 

Gradual ascent, 

panniink. 

Gambling, 

nla-ue. 

Grease-wood, 

tdnif. 

Handkerchief, 

panshia. 

Gun-sight, 

puninak. . 

Hill, 

karriir. 

Iron, 

panniickdri. 

Indian tobacco, 

e&uero-uap. 

Lead (metal), 

timpyff. 

Lodge-pole, 

ur^. 

Medicine, 

maishdrtikutp. 

Milk, 

tarf. 

Mud, 

pdiu-uiuf. 

Potatoes, 

uitchun. 

Pistol, 

turpidsh. 

( Pinon ) pine-nuts, 

tiip. 

Rope, 

tchap. 

Rabbit-brush, 

shpump. 

Ramrod, 

tchap. 

Resurrection, 

shamp. 

Salt, 

oabbit. 

Bag, sack, 

kiinab. 

Service-berries, 

tddm. 

Sinew, 

tiimmo. 




540 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 


English. 

Shield, 

Stone, 

Shot-gun, 

Shadow, 

Tail, 

Watermelon, 

Willow, 

Whisky, 

Brass, 

Matches, 

Canon, 

Agency, 

Arrow, 

Belt, 

Meat, 

Whistle, 

Stench, 

Bad, 

Dead, 

Deaf, 

Equal, 

Enough, 

Forgotten, 

Foolish, 

Good, 

Heavy, 

Light (weight), 
Licentious, 

Mine, 

Many, much, 

New, 

Old, 

Roan, 

Ripe, 

Sick, 

Slow, 

Soft, 

Strong, 

Stinking, 

Tired, 

Wrong, 

Yonder, 

Brass, 

Certain, 

Thin (in flesh), 

A great way off, 
Long time ahead, 
Long time ago, 

In the past, 

Not any, 

MiabiJcmni , to 


Yampa. 

piipo-oa. 

tlmp. 

tlmpeo. 

udbab. 

kudrsltch. 

shanticiit. 

kannaf. 

kdna-pa (fire-water). 

u^kgr. 

o-ulgan. 

ulariint. 

tdvarvu. 

hu. 

nanutchup. 

to-u^p. 

sukuerai. 

kudna. 

k&tchuat (not good), 
ialkue. 
nmkdruat. 
toan^ugr. 

6neshiimp. 

kdshumi. 

katsfle. 

at, tdtchat. 

puttmt. 

spiinni. 

nasuntchar. 

nuna. 

hav£n. 

^tura. 

ultniimp. 

uashir. 

kudsha. 

piikkdnga. 

shdniuitch. 

kutchmguer. 

tuidshgitcher. 

pikakuana. 

u-udn. 

kdturak. 

m£ba. 

n&kiir. 

tu-uedshshiimp. 

i-ikue. 

tddshim. 

tuidsh-piniink. 

tuidsh-itish. 

ultish.* 

katchdno. 


English. 

Never, 

To-morrow, 

Last night, 
Yesterday, 

To-day, 

To break, 

To bite, 

To cut, 

To chew, 

To die, 

To dig, 

To dance, 

To encamp, 

To move, 

To move camp, 

To go, 

To glean, 

To go home, 

To go fast, 

To go slow, 

To grow, 

To hobble, 

To kick, 

To load (a gun), 

To lie down, 

To laugh, 

To live, 

To lend, 

To make, 

To hurry, 

To marry, 

To pack (on horses), 
To run, 

To ride, 

To sing, 

To sleep, 

To shoot, 

To stand, 

To fly, 

To baptize, 

To think, 

To tie, 

To cook, 

To trot, 

To walk, 

To wash (clothes), 
To wash (hands), 

To sneeze, 

To spit, 


Yampa. 

katch-piniink (not in 
the future), 
udtchuk.* 
ueltiis. 
kunlf. 
arf. 

kopok. 

ki£. 

skablnSr. 

kunasincha. 

i-al. 

ora. 

ulpi. 

miabitchSr. 

miabikiue. 

miablkinni. 

pai-lkue.* 

stdi. 

pai-ikuevan. 

piinkSrdkua. 

saritchlp. 

nand. 

maltchukiir. 

tang. 

tau-adsh aka. 

dbikue. 

kidrni. 

norla. 

io-ulni. 

inek. 

ta-u-uni. 

pivd. 

nok. 

piinku6. 

piir. 

kai. 

ip6v. 

kokui. 

u-iini. 

mdbiniink. 

a-una. 

tdni. 

tappflchi. 

tchai. 

apuna. 

namp£-igue. 

tatshdka-ue. 

muna-u^tsa-ue. 

a-u-tisi. 

kdtchiana. 

and lean, house or 


move camp , from miabikiue , to move , 

ledge. 

Me-yump , fingers , is derived from miinigin , five. 




COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY OF UTAH DIALECTS. 541 


Katch-piniink, never, from hatch and pinilnk, not in the future .< 

Kdtcli-uat, 6ae?, from fca£c/t and a£, </oo^. 

TJetchuk signifies both morning and to-morrow. 

In the Yampa dialect, a number of words occur which are deriva¬ 
tives of pa, water: — kuna-pa, whisky , a compound of (jftre) and pa, 
literally firewater; pa-shd a-ker, bridge; pa-dnguos, ram; pa-vdnt , 
muskrat ; pa-kuanuf, frog ; also pdu-inteh, beaver ; pantchuk, otter ; pan* 
kuitch , 

Substantives, representing objects of European introduction, fre- 


quently terminate in niimp : 


Axe, 

kuipaunump. 

Beaver-trap, 

paulntch-yiiiniimp. 

Comb, 

nansurlniimp. 

Chair, 

karuniimp. 

Candle, 

nditiniimp. 

Drum, 

pampunSpanntimp, 

Fish-hook, 

pa-g&raniimp. 

Finger-ring, 

panamdguaniimp. 

File, 

uinirlniimp. 

Looking glass, 

navorniimp. 

Needle, 

tcharauniimp. 

Plate, 

tikarniimp. 

Small bells, 

tappariimp. 

Saddle, 

kariniimp. 

Stirrup, 

tara niimp. 

Spy-glass, 

puniuiimp. 

Spoon, 

monsitkaniimp. 

Table, 

tikarniimp. 

Spur, 

-targaniimp. 

Ink, 

pgrgrniimp. 


The words for chair and saddle are almost identical; they are derived 
from fcari, to sit. Tikarniimp seems to be used for £aMe and plate, since 
both objects are employed for the same purpose, i. e ., to eat from $ hence 
they are derived from tiki , fo ea£. 

Of the different forms of optic glasses, the Ute Indian seems to have 
a confused idea. Thus, Mr. Littlefield obtained the word ndvorniimp for 
mirror and puninump for spy-glass. The latter is derived from puniki , to 
see, to look. Captain Moss, however, gives nabuninump for mirror , the 
word being derived from biiniki (Wenimuche), to look. 

The prefix tudsh or tuidsli denotes emphasis or increase in strength ; 
as, piniink, in the future , tuidsh-pinunk , a long time ahead ; uitisli, in the 
past, tuidsh-itish, a long time ago ; tudshim, a great way off; tuidsh- 
gitcher , strong ; tu-uedsh-shiimp, certain. 


542 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, 


WEMINUCHE VOCABULARY. 


English. 

Weminuche. 

English. 

Weminuche. 

You, 

em,* or iimrnar. 

Other side, 

manangopi. 

Woman, 

mamdts. 

This side, 

Iniingopi. 

Old woman, 

mamasdats. 

Nothing, 

nav&sh. 

Deer, 

tiats 

What, 

Wmpa. 

Summer, 

tets. 

When, 

harnnuk. 

Autumn, 

yuan. 

Which, 

hogiiba. 

Day, 

tfibi.* 

Here, 

Iba. 

Winter, 

tam. 

Tall, 

pant. 

Spring, 

t£imiin. 

Lean, 

kaunibitch. 

One year, 

t^mtopi. 

Light (brightness), 

t^shni. 

Wood, 

kdkuap. 

Green, or blue, 

sau-u^ger. 

Plenty, 

iivan. 

Yellow, 

ho-u^ker. 

Bullets, 

tlmbaho. 

Cold, 

shitla, 

Tin-cup, 

bannokutchits. 

Not much, 

kdntch Avan. 

Moccasins, 

pads. 

To sit down, 

kari-tia. 

Clay-bank, 

ho-u^siker. 

To smoke, 

kuap-tiki. 

Butte, 

kamp. 

To drink, 

hlbi. 

Plug-tobacco, 

t£ui-ku£p. 



j Eoudsiker, clay bank, is derived from ho-udker, yellow ; hence, yelloic 

clay. Kuap-tiki , 

to smoke , is a compound word formed of kuap (tobacco) 

and tiki (to eat); 

the literal meaning is to eat tobacco. 


From an examination of Lieut. A. W. Whipple’s vocabularies, it will 

he seen that a 

similarity exists between the ' 4 Utab 

l and the Ooman- 

chi and Chemehuevi dialects; between the former and the latter espe¬ 

cially. There is no doubt that the three tribes belong to the extensive 

group known as the Shoshoni family. I will avail myself, therefore, ot 

this opportunity to make a brief comparison of the dialects as spoken 

by branches of the three above-mentioned tribes, employing, however, 

only such words as have a marked affinity:— 


English. 

Comanchi. 

Chemehuevi. " 

Yampa. 

House, 

cdh-ne, 

c^-ni, 

kan. 

Kettle, 

pimoro, 

pampuin, 

pampuni. 

Man, 


taw^tz, 

to-udts. 

Girl, 


nai-itsit, 

ndnsits. 

Boy, 


aipatz, 

aipets. 

Father, 


muo, 

mump. 

Brother, 


parvitch, 

p^rultchln. 

Nose, 

mdbi, 

muvl, 

mitbitiimp. 

Tooth, 

tliman, 

tow-w£, 

to-u-iimp. 

Beard, 

omdrtzon, 

mutz&, 

miintchtimp. 

Neck, 


cur^nmin, 

kuriim. 

Belly, 

usdp, 

shapdnim, 

sapptin. 

Leg, 


punc^wim, 

plinkabd. 

Heart, 

aplh’, 

pi-ln, 

pi-ln. 

Blood, 


pal-i-pi, 

puitp. 

Friend, 


tdgibu, 

tlgabu. 

Bow, 


atz, 

ach. 

Knife, 

wih’, 

ouitz, 

uitch. 

Pipe, 

toh'i, 

tshu, 

tchunts. 




COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY OF UTAH DIALECTS. 543 


English. 

Comanchi. 

Chemehuevi. 

Yam pa. 

Tobacco, 


co-dp-e, 

kuap. 

Star, 


putsip, 

putchlp. 

Night, 

tucan’, 

tu-wiin, 

to-udn. 

Fire, 

cun, 

cun, 

kun. 

Water, 

pa, 

pah, 

pa. 

Earth, 


tewip, 

tinlp. 

Hill, 


caib, 

kib. 

Stone, 


tirnp, 

timp. 

Salt, 


u-dve, 

oiibbit. 

Beaver, 


pah-wmch, 

pdu-intch. 

Elk, 


pari, 

pariir. 

Antelope, 


wdntzit, 

udnsits, 

Mountain-sheep, 


nahgt, 

nagats. 

Bison, 


codcho, 

kultsun. 

Dog, 


sharich, 

saritch. 

Good, 


aP, 

at. 

Yes, 


u-wai, 

da. 

No, 


each, 

katch. 

One, 


shuish, 

suls. 

Two, 


wai-i, 

uaiun. 

Three, 


pai-i, 

paiun. 

Four, 


watchu, 

udtshuini. 

Five, 


manu 

manigin. 

To eat, 


teedba, 

tiki. 

To sit, 


card, 

kdri 

To go, 


paique, 

pai-lkue. 

To comie, 


palik, 

palka. 

To see, 


punlca, 

puuiki. 

English. 


Chemehuevi. 

Weminuche. 

Sun, 


tdbaputz, 

tabapiits. 

Moon, 


midgoropitz. 

mia-atdts. 

Spring, 


tamdn, 

tdmiin. 

Autumn, 


yo-wun, 

ydan. 

Valley, 


unowip, 

yuno-uip. 

Wood, 


coticup, 

kdkuap. 

Deer, 


td-e, 

tlats. 

Plenty, 


avdt, 

dvan. 

To drink, 

\ 

hebiba, 

hlbi. 

For the purpose of comparison, 

I subjoin a few words in three dialects 

of the Utah tongue:— 



English. 

Yampa.t 

Uinta.1 

Weminuche.§ 

One, 

suls, 

stiis, 

Stlish, 

Two, 

udiun, 

udien, 

uai, 

Three, 

pdiun, 

pdien, 

pai, 

Four, 

udtshuini, 

udtsuln, 

udtsui. 

Five, 

manigin, 

manigin, 

miinlga. 

Six, 

navdin, 

navain, 

navdi. 

Seven, 

na-udtchioni, 

navikaviin, 

navdisuini (six and 




one). 

t Collected by the author. t Furnished by Richard D. Koinas, a Uinta Ute. 

$ Collected by Capt. John Moss. 



544 BULLETIN UNITED 

STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

English. 

Tampa. 

Uinta. Weminuche. 

Eight, 

uar^tchuini, 

u^utsuin. mdiiitchuiiii. 

Nine, 

surrdimsuini, 

suromatfinipsuia tusulnsuini. 



(near ten), 

Ten, 

tdmshuini, 

tdmpsum, m^suini. 

Foot, 

uamp, 

numbly, 

Hand, 

movif, 

mo-6v. 


HIGHER 

CARDINAL NUMBERS. 

English. 


Yampa Utah. 

Eleven, 


sugtis spinkor. 

Twelve, 


uak spinkor. 

Thirteen, 


paik spinkor. 

Fourteen, 


u&tsuk spinkor. 

Fifteen, 


manig spinkor. 

Sixteen, 


narvi'k spinkor. 

Seventeen, 


narvita-uSrk spinkor. 

Eighteen, 


uarhtchuk spinkor. 

Nineteen, 


surAmpsuk spinkor. 

Twenty, 


ufimtissurin. 

Twenty-one, 


u&miissurin siigiis. 

Twenty-two, 


uamiissurin uhk. 

Twenty-three, 


u&mussurin paik. 

Twenty-four, 


uamiissurin uatsuk. 

Twenty-five, 


uamiissurin manig. 

One hundred, 


sukuanffir. 

Two hundred, 


uarukuanffir. 

Three hundred, 


paikunffir. 

Four hundred, 


uatsukumgr. 

Five hundred, 


manlgumSr. 

Six hundred, 


narvitiumer. 

Seven hundred, 


narultch6rkumgr. 

Eight hundred, 


uarhtutch ukumSr. 

Nine hundred, 


surhmpsukumgr. 

One thousand, 


tumpsukum&r. 


The terminal mer occurs in numerals to designate a hundredfold value: 
silts, one ; sukuamer , one hundred. Spinkor corresponds with the English 
suffix teen or ten : mcinigtn, five ; mdnig spinkor, fifteen. 

From a careful study of these vocabularies, the following points will 
be observed:— 

/ occurs but rarely, if at all. The sound indicated by / is perhaps 
between the English / and the German guttural aspirate ch iu ach , and 
this is only found in a few words, as given me by Dr. J. D. Littlefield. In 
the words which I gathered myself, / does not occur, and I found that 
the Yampa Utes pronounced the sound with great difficulty, almost in¬ 
variably substituting p. The / sound may be rendered by v, and it 
might not be inaccurate to make this substitution wherever words 
have been spelled with /. 


COMPARATIVE VOCABULARY OF UTAH DIALECTS. 545 
l does not exist in these lists. 

d occurs but rarely, except in the combination dsh, the equivalent of j. 
Any typographical errors which may unavoidably have crept into this 
paper, I hope to be able to correct in a future and fuller edition. 

Appendix. 


Moqui (Tequa). 

Ngiimni, flour. 

Tumlakh(i)ni, food-cakes of dried 
fruit, meat, and 
straw. 

Kushiva, salt-cellar. 


Seminole (Indian Terr.) 
ShSlako-paika, mule (horse with 

long hair). 

Sligl&ko, horse. 

Ifa, dog. 

Hi'tchi, tobacco. 

Hitchi-bukud, pipe (tobacco- 

house). 



























\ 







/ 


* 







































§ 


t 























0 


9 
































































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